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CVE-2026-56821HIGH· 7.4GHSA대응게시일: 2026. 07. 22.수정일: 2026. 07. 22.

Netty: Out-of-date OCSP Responses Accepted by OcspServerCertificateValidator

위협 신호 · CVSS · EPSS · KEV

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CVSS
7.4high

이론적 심각도 점수

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KEV
미등재

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권장 대응 기한60일 이내CISA SSVC 기준

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외부 노출· KEV 미등재 · 자동화 어려움 · 부분 영향 · 외부 노출

CVSS 벡터 · 메트릭

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버전별 점수
CVSS 3.17.4HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

상세 설명

Summary

OcspServerCertificateValidator flags an out-of-date OCSP response but does not stop processing it, so an expired GOOD response is still reported as VALID, letting an on-path attacker replay a stale GOOD response to bypass revocation of a since-revoked certificate.

Details

In io.netty.handler.ssl.ocsp.OcspServerCertificateValidator#userEventTriggered the freshness check has no return, so execution falls through and a VALID OcspValidationEvent is still fired:

text
1 if (!(current.after(response.getThisUpdate()) &&
2 current.before(response.getNextUpdate()))) {
3 ctx.fireExceptionCaught(new IllegalStateException("OCSP Response is out-of-date"));
4 }

Nonce validation is optional and off by default, so freshness is the only replay defense — and it is not enforced. Additionally getNextUpdate() may be null, making current.before(null) throw NullPointerException.

https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6960#section-3.2

text
1 5. The time at which the status being indicated is known to be
2 correct (thisUpdate) is sufficiently recent;
3
4 6. When available, the time at or before which newer information will
5 be available about the status of the certificate (nextUpdate) is
6 greater than the current time.

PoC

Add the test below to io.netty.handler.ssl.ocsp.OcspServerCertificateValidatorTest

text
1 @Test
2 void staleOcspResponseIsRejected() throws Exception {
3 X509Bundle caRoot = new CertificateBuilder()
4 .algorithm(CertificateBuilder.Algorithm.rsa2048)
5 .subject("CN=TrustedRootCA")
6 .setIsCertificateAuthority(true)
7 .buildSelfSigned();
8
9 GeneralName ocspName = new GeneralName(GeneralName.uniformResourceIdentifier, "http://localhost/");
10 AuthorityInformationAccess aia = new AuthorityInformationAccess(
11 new AccessDescription(AccessDescription.id_ad_ocsp, ocspName));
12 X509Bundle targetCert = new CertificateBuilder()
13 .algorithm(CertificateBuilder.Algorithm.rsa2048)
14 .subject("CN=TargetServer")
15 .addExtensionOctetString("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1", false, aia.getEncoded())
16 .buildIssuedBy(caRoot);
17
18 Date past = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() - TimeUnit.DAYS.toMillis(7));
19 CertificateID certId = new CertificateID(
20 new JcaDigestCalculatorProviderBuilder().build().get(CertificateID.HASH_SHA1),
21 new JcaX509CertificateHolder(caRoot.getCertificate()),
22 targetCert.getCertificate().getSerialNumber());
23 BasicOCSPRespBuilder respBuilder = new BasicOCSPRespBuilder(
24 new RespID(new JcaX509CertificateHolder(caRoot.getCertificate()).getSubject()));
25 respBuilder.addResponse(certId, CertificateStatus.GOOD, past, past);
26 BasicOCSPResp expiredBasicResp = respBuilder.build(
27 new JcaContentSignerBuilder("SHA256withRSA").build(caRoot.getKeyPair().getPrivate()),
28 new X509CertificateHolder[0],
29 past);
30 final byte[] responseEncoded = new OCSPRespBuilder()
31 .build(OCSPRespBuilder.SUCCESSFUL, expiredBasicResp).getEncoded();
32
33 IoTransport defaultTransport = createDefaultTransport();
34 IoTransport mockTransport = IoTransport.create(defaultTransport.eventLoop(), () -> {
35 NioSocketChannel channel = new NioSocketChannel();
36 channel.pipeline().addFirst(new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter() {
37 @Override
38 public void connect(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, SocketAddress remoteAddress,
39 SocketAddress localAddress, ChannelPromise promise) {
40 promise.setSuccess();
41 ctx.executor().execute(() -> {
42 ctx.pipeline().fireChannelActive();
43 DefaultFullHttpResponse httpResponse = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(
44 HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK,
45 Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(responseEncoded));
46 httpResponse.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, "application/ocsp-response");
47 httpResponse.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH,
48 httpResponse.content().readableBytes());
49 ctx.pipeline().fireChannelRead(httpResponse);
50 });
51 }
52 });
53 return channel;
54 }, defaultTransport.datagramChannel());
55
56 SslContext serverSslCtx = SslContextBuilder
57 .forServer(targetCert.getKeyPair().getPrivate(),
58 targetCert.getCertificate(), caRoot.getCertificate())
59 .build();
60 Channel serverChannel = new ServerBootstrap()
61 .group(defaultTransport.eventLoop())
62 .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
63 .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
64 @Override
65 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
66 ch.pipeline().addLast(serverSslCtx.newHandler(ch.alloc()));
67 }
68 })
69 .bind(0).sync().channel();
70
71 int serverPort = ((InetSocketAddress) serverChannel.localAddress()).getPort();
72
73 AtomicBoolean validEventFired = new AtomicBoolean();
74 AtomicReference<Throwable> caughtException = new AtomicReference<>();
75 CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
76
77 DnsNameResolver resolver = OcspServerCertificateValidator.createDefaultResolver(mockTransport);
78 SslContext clientSslCtx = SslContextBuilder.forClient()
79 .trustManager(InsecureTrustManagerFactory.INSTANCE)
80 .build();
81 new Bootstrap()
82 .group(defaultTransport.eventLoop())
83 .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
84 .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
85 @Override
86 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
87 ch.pipeline().addLast(clientSslCtx.newHandler(ch.alloc(), "127.0.0.1", serverPort));
88 ch.pipeline().addLast(
89 new OcspServerCertificateValidator(true, false, mockTransport, resolver));
90 ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
91 @Override
92 public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) {
93 if (evt instanceof OcspValidationEvent &&
94 ((OcspValidationEvent) evt).response().status() ==
95 OcspResponse.Status.VALID) {
96 validEventFired.set(true);
97 }
98 ctx.fireUserEventTriggered(evt);
99 }
100
101 @Override
102 public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
103 caughtException.compareAndSet(null, cause);
104 ctx.channel().close();
105 latch.countDown();
106 }
107 });
108 }
109 })
110 .connect("127.0.0.1", serverPort).sync();
111
112 assertTrue(latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
113 assertFalse(validEventFired.get(),
114 "OcspValidationEvent(VALID) must not be emitted for a stale OCSP response");
115 assertNotNull(caughtException.get());
116 assertInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class, caughtException.get());
117
118 serverChannel.close().sync();
119 resolver.close();
120 }

Impact

Certificate revocation bypass via replay of an expired OCSP response. Any application using OcspServerCertificateValidator is affected; a revoked certificate can be accepted.

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